Pregnancy is a time of beautiful changes within the body. However, the changes that occur to grow a fetus impact parts of the body that may surprise you. As a dental office, we are particularly interested in how pregnancy affects oral health, which, if not addressed, can snowball and affect the health of the developing fetus. We sat down with Living Dental Health dental hygienist Nicole Tarpey, RDH, who happens to be in her third trimester of pregnancy, to discuss why maintaining good oral health can be challenging for pregnant women.
Why are pregnant women more susceptible to gum problems?
According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 60-75% of all pregnant women have gingivitis, an early sign of gum disease that causes the gums to become red, inflamed, and bleed easily. While essential for fetal development, the increased levels of estrogen and progesterone surging through the pregnant body make the gums extra sensitive.
Progesterone can also increase plaque stickiness, making it harder to remove with brushing and flossing. Adding insult to injury, the hormonal changes increase plaque production. That sticky plaque harbors bacteria that can lead to gingivitis and increases the risk of periodontal (gum) disease. If the plaque is left untreated, the soft tissue and bone supporting your teeth can be damaged.
The Connection Between Gum Disease and Pregnancy Complications
Research suggests that there is a link between gum disease during pregnancy and several complications, including an increased risk of a preterm birth. Gum disease can trigger an inflammatory response in the body, increasing the risk of pre-term labor. Women with gum disease also have a higher risk of delivering a baby with a low birth weight.
How to Protect Oral Health During Pregnancy
Regular dental checkups during pregnancy are critical. Nicole says many insurance companies cover more frequent dental cleanings, particularly during the third trimester. Nicole recommends getting your teeth cleaned every three to four months while pregnant to prevent issues down the line.
Aside from dental cleanings, pregnant women should also maintain good home dental hygiene. Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and floss daily to remove plaque between the teeth. Nicole recommends adding a good fluoride mouthwash like Act or Crest ProHealth to your regimen.
If you experience morning sickness, don’t give in to the urge to brush your teeth right after vomiting (we know that may seem gross). Instead, rinse your mouth with water to neutralize the stomach acid. Wait at least 20 minutes before brushing to allow your saliva to remineralize your teeth.
Nicole recommends using xylitol products in gum, mints, and some toothpaste, as they inhibit bacterial growth and stimulate saliva production. She warns, however, that xylitol is toxic to dogs, so keep it out of their reach.
Nicole advises against sharing food, drinks, and utensils with your baby. Doing so can transfer bacteria and put them at risk for cavities, among other issues.
Other Factors that Can Affect Gum Health:
- Stress: High stress levels can weaken the immune system, making you more susceptible to infection. Take care of yourself by incorporating activities that calm your mind when stressed.
- Diabetes: Uncontrolled blood sugar levels can increase the risk of gum disease.
- Nutritional deficiencies: Vitamin C and K deficiency can also contribute to gum problems. Ensure you take prenatal vitamins to give your body and baby what they need to be healthy.
If you are pregnant, schedule an appointment with your dentist and hygienist today. Dr. Andy and our dental hygienists are here to support you and your baby throughout this exciting journey.